Igwe nju oyi bụ usoro nke ịmepụta ọnọdụ jụrụ oyi site na iwepụ okpomọkụ.A na-ejikarị ya echekwa nri na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emebi emebi, na-egbochi ọrịa sitere na nri.Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na nje bacteria na-ebelata na okpomọkụ dị ala.
Ụzọ maka ichekwa nri site na jụrụ oyi kemgbe kemgbe ọtụtụ puku afọ, mana friji nke oge a bụ ihe mepụtara na nso nso a.Taa, ọchịchọ nke refrigeration na ntụ oyi na-anọchi anya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent 20 nke ume ike n'ụwa nile, dịka otu akụkọ 2015 si kwuo na International Journal of Refrigeration.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
Ndị China na-egbutu ma chekwaa ice n'ihe dị ka 1000 BC, na afọ 500 ka e mesịrị, ndị Ijipt na ndị India mụtara ịhapụ ite ụrọ n'oge abalị oyi iji mee ice, dị ka Keep It Cool, ụlọ ọrụ na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-adabere na Lake Park, Florida.Mmepe ndị ọzọ, dị ka ndị Gris, ndị Rom na ndị Hibru, na-echekwa snow n'olulu ma jiri ihe mkpuchi dị iche iche kpuchie ha, dịka akwụkwọ akụkọ History si kwuo.N'ebe dị iche iche na Europe na narị afọ nke 17, a chọtara saltpeter gbazere n'ime mmiri na-eme ka ọnọdụ jụrụ oyi ma jiri ya mepụta ice.Na narị afọ nke 18, ndị Europe na-achịkọta ice n'oge oyi, gbanye ya nnu, kechie ya na flannel, na-echekwa ya n'okpuru ala ebe ọ na-edebe ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa.A na-ebugharị ice na ebe ndị ọzọ gburugburu ụwa, dị ka akụkọ 2004 nke e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, na Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
Evaporative jụrụ oyi
Echiche nke refrigeration n'ibu malitere mgbe William Cullen, onye dọkịta Scotland, kwuru na evaporation nwere mmetụta jụrụ oyi na 1720s.O gosiputara echiche ya na 1748 site n'iwepu ethyl ether n'ime oghere, dika Peak Mechanical Partnership siri kwuo, ulo oru plọmb na kpo oku di na Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Oliver Evans, onye America na-emepụta ihe, chepụtara ma o wughị igwe refrigeration nke ji vepo kama iji mmiri mee na 1805. N'afọ 1820, ọkà mmụta sayensị England bụ Michael Faraday ji amonia liquefid mee ka ọ jụrụ oyi.Jacob Perkins, onye ya na Evans rụkọrọ ọrụ, nwetara patent maka ikuku vaporcompression site na iji amonia mmiri na 1835, dị ka History of Refrigeration si kwuo.N’ihi nke ahụ, a na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ “nna nke friji.” John Gorrie, bụ́ dọkịta America, rụkwara ígwè ọrụ yiri nke Evans mere na 1842. Gorrie ji friji ya, bụ́ nke kere ice, mee ka ndị ọrịa nwere ahụ́ ọkụ na-acha odo odo jụrụ oyi. n'ụlọ ọgwụ Florida.Gorrie nwetara patent mbụ nke US maka usoro ya nke imepụta ice na 1851.
Ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe gburugburu ụwa gara n'ihu na-azụlite ọhụrụ ma melite usoro dị ugbu a maka refrjiraeto, dịka Peak Mechanical si kwuo, gụnyere:
Ferdinand Carré, bụ́ injinia France, mepụtara friji nke ji ngwakọta nwere amonia na mmiri mee ihe na 1859.
Carl von Linde, bụ́ ọkà mmụta sayensị German, chepụtara igwe na-eku ume ngwa ngwa na-eji methyl ether na 1873, na 1876 ọ gbanwere na amonia.N'afọ 1894, Linde mekwara ụzọ ọhụrụ maka ịgbanye nnukwu ikuku.
1899, Albert T. Marshall, onye America na-emepụta ihe, nyere ikike nke mbụ ngwa nju oyi.
Ọkà mmụta physics a ma ama bụ Albert Einstein nyere ikike ime friji na 1930 n'echiche nke imepụta friji na gburugburu ebe obibi na-enweghị akụkụ na-akpụ akpụ ma ọ dabereghị na ọkụ eletrik.
Ihe a na-ewu ewu nke refrigeration azụmahịa toro na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19 n'ihi ebe a na-emepụta mmanya, dị ka Peak Mechanical si kwuo, bụ ebe e tinyere friji mbụ n'otu ebe a na-eme mmanya na Brooklyn, New York, na 1870. Ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke 1870, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe niile. nwere friji.
Ụlọ ọrụ na-akpa anụ sochiri na friji mbụ ewebatara na Chicago na 1900, dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ History si kwuo, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 15 ka e mesịrị, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọkụkụ anụ ọkụkọ niile na-eji friji. nwere friji.
Taa, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ niile dị na United States - pasent 99 - nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu friji, ihe dị ka pasent 26 nke ụlọ US nwere ihe karịrị otu, dị ka akụkọ 2009 sitere na Ngalaba Ike US.
Oge nzipu: Jul-04-2022